高中英语常见后缀总结

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  其实英语单词和汉字一样,存在着很多的“偏旁部首”,知道了偏旁部首你就可以根据它们直接来猜测单词的意思,虽不说百分之百猜准,但起码可以猜测个大概,接下来小编为大家整理了高二英语学习内容,一起来看看吧!

  高中英语常见后缀总结

  一、名词后缀

  常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor

  2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,

  3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette

  4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress

  5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood

  6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship

  7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,

  8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation

  9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,

  10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal

  11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage

  12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability

  13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism

  二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify

  2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten

  3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate

  三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful

  2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless

  3.-ly意为:有…品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly

  4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like

  5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish

  6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome

  7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible

  8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical

  10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory

  11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious

  12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic

  13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive

  四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)

  例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely

  2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)

  3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)

  就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise

  常用的前缀主要有:ab—表示反常 absent 缺席 abnormal 不正规的

  ap—表示添加 append 悬挂 apposition 同位置

  bi—表示两、重 bicycle 自行车 bigamy 重婚

  com—表示共同 combine 联合 compete 相争

  dis—表示分开 disarm 裁军 dislike 讨厌

  im—表示不 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的

  in—表示不、向内 informal 非正式的 inhuman 不人道的

  non—表示无 nonparty 无党派的 nonmetal 非金属

  pro—表示向前 progress 进步 prognostic 预兆

  re—表示回、重新 review 复习 reaction 反应

  un—表示不、非 unhappy 不快乐的 unbalance 失去平衡

  常用的后缀主要有:

  al—表示人、物 rival 竞争者 mural 壁画

  cy—表示状态、职位 bankruptcy 破产 captaincy 船长

  er—表示人、物 teacher 老师 cooker 厨具

  able—表示可能的 movable 可移动的 passable 可通行的

  ful—表示充满 beautiful 美丽的 useful 有用的

  or—表示人、物 actor 男演员 mirror 镜子

  ist—表示人 copyist 抄写员 socialist 社会主义者

  ment—表示行为 enjoyment 娱乐 movement 运动

  ing—表示令人 exciting 令人兴奋的 interesting 令人有兴趣的

  ed—表示感到 excited 感到兴奋的 interested 感到有兴趣的

  less—表示没有的 resistless 不抵抗的 homeless 无家可归的

  ly—副词后缀 gently 轻轻地 intently 专心地

  tion—名词后缀 graduation 毕业 relation 亲属

  英语语法高考英语单词拼写必背全表

  五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

  1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制

  3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现

  5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到

  7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许

  9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

  六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

  1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑

  3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅

  5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,是hung)15. weave (wove, woven) 编织

  7. lie (作“说谎”讲时,是规则的;作“位于”讲时,其过去式是lay,过去分词是lain)8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖

  10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉

  12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳

  14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎

  七、意思相近的词

  1. check / examine/ test2. receive / accept3. destroy /damage4. celebrate/ congratulate

  5. wear / dress

  八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

  1. long—length 长度2. wide—width 宽度

  3. high—height 高度4. strong—strength力量

  九、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed

  1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐

  十、个别名词的复数拼写

  1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾

  3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕

  4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿)

  等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。

  5. roof (roofs) 房顶6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加

  十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

  1. succeed—success成功2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音

  3. explain—explanation解释4. decide—decision 决定

  5. enter—entrance进入6. permit—permission 允许

  7. refuse—refusal 拒绝8. consider—consideration 考虑

  9. discover—discovery 发现10. bury—burial 埋葬

  11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论12. arrive—arrival 到达

  13. weigh—weight 重量

  十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化

  1. beautiful—beautifully 美丽的2. possible—possibly 可能的

  3. practical—practically 实际的4. particular—particularly 特别的

  5. successful—successfully 成功的